"Han Feizi · Five Beetles" has a record: "People eat fruits and clams, and the belly hurts the stomach and stomach, and the people suffer from many diseases. There are sages who do it, drill the scorpion to make fire, in order to dispel the fishy scorpion, and the people are pleased with it, so that the king of the world is called Suirenshi. This text describes the story of the earliest use of fire in China, the origin of the idiom drilling wood to make fire, and Suiren became the leader of the primitive tribe because he taught people to use fire, which is one of the three emperors in Chinese mythology and legends.

（Emperor Sui Ren）

It is precisely because of the importance of fire to people's lives that officials specializing in the management of fire safety were set up as early as the Yellow Emperor's time. According to the records in "Historical Records of the Five Emperors", when the Yellow Emperor arranged the national economy and the people's livelihood, he clearly proposed that there should be restraint. Fire is used to prevent fires. To this end, the Yellow Emperor also set up officials to manage the safety of fire, called "fire administration".

 The earliest record of the fire can be found in the unearthed oracle bone inscriptions: in the Yin and Shang Dynasty more than 3,600 years ago, several granaries were burned. The Shang Dynasty saw that the fire was so powerful that it formulated a fire rule: "Those who abandon ashes to justice will cut off their hands." That is, the person responsible for the fire caused by the rekindling of ashes abandoned on the road shall be punished with amputation.

During the Zhou Dynasty, there were three official positions: Si Xuan, Si Xian, and Gongzheng. Their main responsibility was to be responsible for the "fire administration" of the whole country. This was the earliest fire department in charge! During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the laws regarding fire were very strict. According to the "Decree of Mozi": "Beware of those who dare to catch fire, and those who catch fire will cut off their ends. Those who catch fire will think that the car will be chaotic; If the fire is accidentally caused, the head will be beheaded. If it is deliberately set on fire, it will be dismembered by five horses.

In the Han Dynasty, the fire and water thieves did not separate their families, and the military attache Zhi Jinwu was in charge. The equivalent of today's police. Since there is no clear distinction between the criminal police and the fire police at this time, whether it is theft or fire relief, Zhi Jinwu must rush to the scene. It's a bit like the current people's children and soldiers.

In the Tang Dynasty, the prosperous capital Chang'an had a population of one million people, and fire protection became the top priority. To this end, the Tang Dynasty specially set up a fire protection organization called "Wuhoupu". Each city gate has Wuhoupu staff, which is the prototype of the early fire station. At that time, people used bamboo joints as water-carrying tools, and the earliest fire-proof water gun was born.

（fire fighting map）

In the Song Dynasty, with the improvement of productivity and the improvement of protection technology, a large number of fire prevention tools were born, such as water bags, water bladders, pumps, hemp and so on. The Song Dynasty called the military patrol shop and defense corner, which is also the earliest full-time fire brigade in China. When Song Renzong ascended the throne, he formulated strict fire prevention measures, selected elite soldiers, and established military patrol shops. The main task is to "patrol at night", urging residents to turn off lights on time to prevent fire hazards.

  （Wanghuolou）

In the Ming Dynasty, people's awareness of fire prevention was very mature. In addition to special patrolling fire prevention personnel, Wucheng Soldiers and Horse Division also set up 112 Wanghuo Towers in Beijing, which served as fire alarm centers, guarding them day and night. In the palace, in addition to the fire brigade and special fire fighting tools, it is also stipulated that every 7 rooms should be vacated. As a fire barrier, the concept of flame retardant has been skillfully applied in real life.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, people had already used warning signals to allocate emergency resources and coordinate firefighting operations. There are about 200 people at the "Junk Office", also known as the "Fire Class". There are about 15 people in each class. When they go to work, they usually bring a flag and lantern. When fighting fires, different colors and lanterns represent different meanings.

In modern times, in 1866, the Shanghai Concession established the first modern fire brigade in China, consisting of 60 foreign members and 40 Chinese, but mainly serving foreigners.

(Figure | The first fire brigade established by foreigners in Hongkou, Shanghai)

（Beiyang New Army Fire Brigade）

   In the 28th year of Guangxu in modern times (1902), Yuan Shikai formed the first Chinese modern fire brigade, founded the Police General Administration and the Police School in the Beiyang New Army, and also opened the fire police in the school. Specially teach fire fighting methods, and buy modern fire fighting equipment such as fire trucks.

（Ministry of National Emergency Management）

After the founding of New China, my country's fire protection system has undergone a total of 6 changes. After 2018, the public security fire brigade and the armed police forest brigade have been transformed, together with emergency rescue teams such as safety production, as a comprehensive standing emergency backbone force, managed by the newly established emergency management department, and fire fighting is closer to the needs of people's livelihood.

   Five thousand years of Chinese people's fire prevention wisdom has been passed down from generation to generation and with the increasing progress of fire prevention technology, the number of fires and casualties have become less and less. In addition to being gratified, we should pay tribute to those fire fighters who wear flame-retardant protective clothing, who minimized the harm of fire; we should also thank the scientists who developed flame-retardant protective clothing, who built them in front of the fire. The last line of defense to keep people safe.

[Customization of Fibercot Flame Retardant Tooling]

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